Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with SCD inherit two abnormal genes, one from each parent. These abnormal genes cause the red blood cells to become sickle-shaped, which can lead to a number of serious health problems.

Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease

• Pain
• Anemia
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Swelling in the hands and feet
• Jaundice
• Frequent infections

Complications of Sickle Cell Disease

SCD can lead to several serious complications, including:

• Stroke
• Organ damage
• Infections
• Gallstones
• Bone pain
• Chest pain
• Anemia
• Blood clotting
• Vision problems

Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

There is no cure for SCD, but there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms and complications of the disease. These treatments may include:

• Pain medications are used to relieve pain during sickle cell crises.
• Blood transfusions- To replace red blood cells that have been destroyed.
• Hydroxyurea- A medication that can help reduce the number of sickle cell crises.
• Bone marrow transplant- In some cases, a bone marrow transplant can be a cure for SCD.

Prevention of Sickle Cell Disease

While there is no cure for SCD, it is possible to prevent the disease by genetic counseling. If both parents have the sickle cell trait, there is a 25% chance that their child will have SCD. Genetic counseling can help couples understand their risk and make informed decisions about family planning.